On Topographies of Integrated Circuits

 

PFRJY UHEPBB

 

J njgjkjubb byntuhfkmys[ vbrhjc[tv

 

 

Cnfnmz 1\ Cathf ltqcndbz Pfrjyf

Yfcnjzobq Pfrjy htuekbhetn bveotcndtyyst b kbxyst ytbveotcndtyyst jnyjitybz= djpybrf.obt d cdzpb c htubcnhfwbtq= bcgjkmpjdfybtv b ghfdjdjq j[hfyjq j,]trnf byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb - njgjkjubb byntuhfkmys[ vbrhjc[tv\

 

Cnfnmz 2\ Hfp]zcytybt nthvbyjd= bcgjkmpetvs[ d Pfrjyt

Nthvbys= bcgjkmpetvst d yfcnjzotv Pfrjyt= bvt.n cktle.obt pyfxtybz|

f) byntuhfkmyfz vbrhjc[tvf (lfktt - BVC) - bpltkbt jrjyxfntkmyjq bkb ghjvt;enjxyjq ajhvs= ghtlyfpyfxtyyjt lkz dsgjkytybz 'ktrnhjyyjq aeyrwbb= d rjnjhjv 'ktvtyns ( [jnz ,s jlby bp rjnjhs[ zdkztncz frnbdysv) b ceotcnde.obt vt;le ybvb ytrjnjhst bkb dct vt;cjtlbytybz ythfphsdyj cajhvbhjdfys d j,]tvt b (bkb) yf gjdth[yjcnb vfnthbfkf bpltkbz+

,) njgjkjubz byntuhfkmyjq vbrhjc[tvs (lfktt - njgjkjubz) - dshf;tyyjt rfrbv-kb,j j,hfpjv nht[vthyjt hfcgjkj;tybt 'ktvtynjd BVC= bp rjnjhs[ [jnz ,s jlby zdkztncz frnbdysv= b ceotcnde.ob[ vt;le ybvb ytrjnjhs[ bkb dct[ vt;cjtlbytybq= bkb b[ nht[vthyjt hfcgjkj;tybt= gjlujnjdktyyjt lkz ghjbpdjlcndf BVC+

d) cdbltntkmcndj yf njgjkjub. (lfktt - cdbltntkmcndj) - ljrevtyn= pfhtubcnhbhjdfyysq d cjjndtncndbb c yfcnjzobv Pfrjyjv= dslfyysq yf bvz dkfltkmwf njgjkjubb b eljcnjdthz.obq tuj bcrk.xbntkmyst ghfdf+

u) pfzdrf - cjdjregyjcnm ljrevtynjd= ytj,[jlbvs[ lkz htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb= jajhvktyys[ d cjjndtncndbb c ecnfyjdktyysvb nht,jdfybzvb+

l) @Cfrgfntynb@ - Yfwbjyfkmysq wtynh byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb Uhepbb= .hblbxtcrjt kbwj ge,kbxyjuj ghfdf= j,tcgtxbdf.ott ghfdjde. j[hfye abpbxtcrbv b .hblbxtcrbv kbwfv d j,kfcnb byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb+

t) Fgtkkzwbjyyfz gfkfnf - jhufy ghb @Cfrgfntynb@= hfccvfnhbdf.obq cgjhs= djpybrf.obt d cdzpb c ghbj,htntybtv ghfd yf j,]trns byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb\

 

Cnfnmz 3\ Djpybryjdtybt bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf

1\ Bcrk.xbntkmyjt ghfdj yf njgjkjub. djpybrftn d htpekmnfnt tt htubcnhfwbb d @Cfrgfntynb@\

2\ Yf bvz dkfltkmwf pfhtubcnhbhjdfyyjq njgjkjubb dslftncz cdbltntkmcndj\

 

Cnfnmz 4\ Chjr ltqcndbz bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf

Chjr ltqcndbz bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf yf njgjkjub. cjcnfdkztn 10 ktn c lfns htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb d @Cfrgfntynb@\

 

Cnfnmz 5\ Jhbubyfkmyjcnm njgjkjubb

1\ Cjukfcyj yfcnjzotve Pfrjye htubcnhbhetncz jhbubyfkmyfz njgjkjubz\

2\ Njgjkjubz zdkztncz jhbubyfkmyjq= tckb jyf cjplfyf d htpekmnfnt byntkktrnefkmyjuj ndjhxtcrjuj nhelf b yt ,skf j,otbpdtcnyf r lfnt tt cjplfybz\

3\ Njgjkjubz= cjcnjzofz bp 'ktvtynjd= bpdtcnys[ r lfnt tt cjplfybz= cxbnftncz jhbubyfkmyjq= tckb jyf zdkztncz htpekmnfnjv byntkktrnefkmyjuj ndjhxtcrjuj nhelf b d wtkjv yt zdkztncz bpdtcnyjq\

4\ Njgjkjubz cxbnftncz jhbubyfkmyjq lj nt[ gjh= gjrf yt ljrfpfyj j,hfnyjt\

5\ Bcgjkmpjdfybt njgjkjubb d ntxtybt lde[ ktn lj lfns gjlfxb pfzdrb fdnjhjv njgjkjubb (bkb lheubv kbwjv= bvt.obv ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf r lfnt gjlfxb pfzdktybz) bkb nhtnmbv kbwjv= rjnjhjve erfpfyyfz njgjkjubz ghzvsv bkb rjcdtyysv gentv cnfkf ljcnegyf jn fdnjhf= yt dkbztn yf jhbubyfkmyjcnm njgjkjubb\ D byjv ckexft njgjkjubz yt cxbnftncz jhbubyfkmyjq\

 

Cnfnmz 6\ Fdnjh (cjfdnjh) njgjkjubb

1\ Fdnjhjv njgjkjubb (lfktt - fdnjh) ghbpyftncz abpbxtcrjt kbwj= d htpekmnfnt byntkktrnefkmyjuj ndjhxtcrjuj nhelf rjnjhjuj cjplfyf njgjkjubz\

2\ Tckb njgjkjubz cjplfyf d htpekmnfnt cjdvtcnyjuj ndjhxtcrjuj nhelf ytcrjkmrb[ abpbxtcrb[ kbw= rf;ljt bp yb[ cxbnftncz cjfdnjhjv\

3\ Fdnjh dghfdt nht,jdfnm erfpfybz d cdbltntkmcndt tuj bvtyb\

 

Cnfnmz 7\ Ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf

1\ Ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf bvttn fdnjh bkb tuj ghfdjghttvybr\

2\ Ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf j njgjkjubb= cjplfyyjq d htpekmnfnt ndjhxtcrjuj nhelf ytcrjkmrb[ kbw= bvt.n rfr dct fdnjhs cjdvtcnyj= nfr b rf;lsq bp yb[ d ckexft jnrfpf jcnfkmys[ fdnjhjd jn gjkextybz cdbltntkmcndf\

3\ Ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf j htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb= hfphf,jnfyyjq dj dhtvz dsgjkytybz cke;t,ys[ j,zpfyyjcntq bkb gj cgtwbfkmyjve pflfyb.= ghbyflkt;bn hf,jnjlfntk.= tckb gj ljujdjhe= pfrk.xtyyjve vt;le ybv b hf,jnybrjv= yt ghtlecvjnhtyj byjt\

4\ Tckb ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf ghbyflkt;bn hf,jnjlfntk.= hf,jnybr dghfdt yf jcyjdfybb dpfbvyjuj cjukfitybz gjnht,jdfnm jn hf,jnjlfntkz ljgjkybntkmyjt hfdyjt djpyfuhf;ltybt\

5\ Tckb njgjkjubz cjplfyf gj ujcelfhcndtyyjve pfrfpe bkb ghb dsgjkytybb hf,jn= ghtlecvjnhtyys[ ljujdjhjv= pfrk.xtyysv vt;le jhufybpfwbzvb= ghfdj yf gjkextybt cdbltntkmcndf jghtltkztncz= cjjndtncndtyyj= eckjdbzvb pfrfpf bkb ljujdjhf\

 

Cnfnmz 8\ Ghtltks b yfheitybt bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf

1\ Dkfltktw njgjkjubb j,kflftn bcrk.xbntkmysv ghfdjv gj cj,cndtyyjve ecvjnhtyb. bcgjkmpjdfnm njgjkjub. bkb pfghtnbnm tt bcgjkmpjdfybt\ Ghb 'njv bcrk.xbntkmyjt ghfdj yt hfcghjcnhfyztncz yf blt.= cgjcj,= cbcntve= nt[yjkjub. jceotcndktybz njgjkjubb bkb cjplfyyjq yf tt jcyjdt BVC= kb,j yf pfrjlbhjdfyye. byajhvfwb.\

2\ Yfheitybtv bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf yf njgjkjub. ghbpyftncz ytcfyrwbjybhjdfyyjt jceotcndktybt cktle.ob[ ltzybq|

f) rjgbhjdfybt njgjkjubb d wtkjv bkb tt xfcnb (pf bcrk.xtybtv xfcnb= yt zdkz.otqcz jhbubyfkmyjq) d wtkz[ cjplfybz BVC yf tt jcyjdt kb,j d bys[ wtkz[+

,) bcgjkmpjdfybt= bvgjhnbhjdfybt= ghtlkj;tybt r ghjlf;t= ghjlf;f kb,j byjt drk.xtybt d [jpzqcndtyysq j,jhjn njgjkjubb bkb cjplfyyjq yf tt jcyjdt BVC\

 

Cnfnmz 9\ Ghtleghtlbntkmyfz vfhrbhjdrf

Dkfltktw njgjkjubb vj;tn yfytcnb yf BVC bkb yf bpltkbt= drk.xf.ott tt= cgtwbfkmye. ghtldfhbntkmye. vfhrbhjdre= drk.xf.oe.|

f) pfrk.xtyye. d rheu ,erde @N@+

,) lfne htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb+

d) yfbvtyjdfybt dkfltkmwf njgjkjubb\

 

Cnfnmz 10\ Bcgjkmpjdfybt= yt ghbpyfdftvjt yfheitybtv bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf

1\ Yt ghbpyftncz yfheitybtv bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf yf njgjkjub.|

f) bcgjkmpjdfybt njgjkjubb= cjplfyyjq yf tt jcyjdt BVC= bkb bpltkbz= cjlth;fotuj 'ne BVC= d kbxys[ wtkz[ ,tp gjkextybz ghb,skb= f nfr;t d wtkz[ fyfkbpf= bccktljdfybz kb,j j,extybz+

,) lfkmytqitt hfcghjcnhfytybt cjplfyyjq yf jcyjdt njgjkjubb BVC bkb bpltkbz= cjlth;fotuj 'ne BVC= dkfltkmwtv njgjkjubb bkb c tuj cjukfcbz+

d) k.,jt ltzybt= rfcf.ottcz BVC= cjplfyyjq yf jcyjdt ytcfyrwbjybhjdfyyj djcghjbpdtltyyjq njgjkjubb= f nfr;t bpltkbz= cjlth;fotuj 'ne BVC= d ckexft= rjulf 'nj kbwj ghb jceotcndktybb nfrb[ ltzybq yt pyfkj bkb ddble j,cnjzntkmcnd yt vjukj pyfnm dj dhtvz ghbj,htntybz BVC bkb bpltkbz= cjlth;fotuj 'ne BVC= j ytcfyrwbjybhjdfyyjv djcghjbpdtltybb njgjkjubb\ Gjckt njuj rfr erfpfyyjt kbwj gjkexbn j,jcyjdfyyjt cjj,otybt j ytcfyrwbjybhjdfyyjv bcgjkmpjdfybb njgjkjubb= jyj vj;tn jceotcndkznm k.,st ltqcndbz d jnyjitybb ceotcnde.otuj pfgfcf kb,j pfrfpfyyjq ghjlerwbb\ Ghb 'njv jyj j,zpfyj ghtljcnfdbnm dkfltkmwe njgjkjubb hfpevyjt djpyfuhf;ltybt= rjnjhjt cjjndtncndjdfkj ,s cnjbvjcnb kbwtypbb yf bcgjkmpjdfybt nfrjq njgjkjubb d ckexft lj,hjdjkmyjuj t/ ghbj,htntybz\

2\ Jceotcndktybt ltzybq= erfpfyys[ d geyrnt 2 cnfnmb 8 yfcnjzotuj Pfrjyf= yt cxbnftncz yfheitybtv bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf yf njgjkjub. d cktle.ob[ ckexfz[|

f) bcgjkmpjdfybt bltynbxyjq jhbubyfkmyjq njgjkjubb= cfvjcnjzntkmyj hfphf,jnfyyjq lj jge,kbrjdfybz njgjkjubb= pfhtubcnhbhjdfyyjq lheubv kbwjv d jabwbfkmyjv ,.kktntyt+

,) cjplfybt lheubv kbwjv ecjdthitycndjdfyyjq njgjkjubb yf jcyjdt bccktljdfybz bpdtcnyjq njgjkjubb= tckb dyjdm cjplfyyfz njgjkjubz eljdktndjhztn nht,jdfybz jhbubyfkmyjcnb\

 

Cnfnmz 11\ Pfzdrf b tt ghtlcnfdktybt lkz hfccvjnhtybz

1\ Gjlfxf pfzdrb d @Cfrgfntynb@ jceotcndkztncz ytgjchtlcndtyyj fdnjhjv bkb tuj ghfdjghttvybrjv (lfktt - pfzdbntktv)= kb,j b[ ghtlcnfdbntktv\

2\ Kbwf byjcnhfyyjuj ujcelfhcndf bkb b[ ghtlcnfdbntkb jceotcndkz.n jnyjitybz c @Cfrgfntynb@ d cjjndtncndbb cj cnfnmtq 65 @Gfntynyjuj pfrjyf Uhepbb@\

3\ Pfzdrf ljk;yf rfcfnmcz njkmrj jlyjq njgjkjubb\

4\ Pfzdrf ljk;yf cjlth;fnm|

f) cjcnfdktyyjt d ecnfyjdktyyjv gjhzlrt pfzdktybt j htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb= d rjnjhjv ljk;ys ,snm erfpfys| gjkyjt bvz (yfbvtyjdfybt)= flhtc pfzdbntkz b flhtc lkz gthtgbcrb bkb gjkyjt bvz= afvbkbz b flhtc ghtlcnfdbntkz= tckb gjlfxf pfzdrb jceotcndkztncz ghtlcnfdbntktv+

,) vfnthbfks= gjkyjcnm. jnj,hf;f.obt njgjkjub.= drk.xfz htathfn+

d) ljrevtyn= gjlndth;lf.obq jgkfne 'rcgthnbps yf cjjndtncndbt ajhvfkmysv nht,jdfybzv pfzdrb+

u) ljdthtyyjcnm= dslfyye. pfzdbntktv yf bvz ghtlcnfdbntkz= tckb gjlfxf pfzdrb jceotcndkztncz ghtlcnfdbntktv\

5\ Pfzdrf cxbnftncz gjlfyyjq d @Cfrgfntynb@ cj lyz ghtlcnfdktybz pfzdktybz j htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb b vfnthbfkjd= gjkyjcnm. jnj,hf;f.ob[ njgjkjub.= drk.xfz htathfn\

 

Cnfnmz 12\ Hfccvjnhtybt= ge,kbrfwbz pfzdrb= dslfxf cdbltntkmcndf

1\ @Cfrgfntynb@ ghjdjlbn 'rcgthnbpe pfzdrb yf cjjndtncndbt ajhvfkmysv nht,jdfybzv= gj htpekmnfnfv rjnjhjq dsyjcbn cjjndtncnde.ott htitybt j dslfxt cdbltntkmcndf\

2\ @Cfrgfntynb@ eljcnjdthztn lfne gjlfxb pfzdrb d ckexft jceotcndktybz gkfnt;f pf 'rcgthnbpe yf cjjndtncndbt ajhvfkmysv nht,jdfybzv\

3\ Tckb gjlndthlbncz= xnj pfzdrf eljdktndjhztn nht,jdfybz ajhvfkmyjq 'rcgthnbps= @Cfrgfntynb@ ghbybvftn htitybt j htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb\

4\ Gjckt ghbyznbz gjkj;bntkmyjuj htitybz j htubcnhfwbb njgjkjubb= d ckexft jceotcndktybz ecnfyjdktyyjuj gkfnt;f @Cfrgfntynb@ ghjbpdjlbn htubcnhfwb. njgjkjubb d @Httcnht njgjkjubq byntuhfkmys[ vbrhjc[tv@= dslftn cdbltntkmcndj b ge,kbretn cdtltybz d jabwbfkmyjv ,.kktntyt @Cfrgfntynb@\

5\ Lj jge,kbrjdfybz cdtltybq pfzdbntkm dghfdt gj nht,jdfyb. @Cfrgfntynb@ bkb gj cj,cndtyyjq bybwbfnbdt ljgjkyznm= enjxyznm b bcghfdkznm vfnthbfks pfzdrb\

6\ Ghb hfccvjnhtybb pfzdrb @Cfrgfntynb@ vj;tn gjnht,jdfnm jn pfzdbntkz ghtlcnfdktybt ljgjkybntkmys[ vfnthbfkjd b dytctybt bpvtytybq d pfzdre= ,tp rjnjhs[ ytdjpvj;yj tt hfccvjnhtybt\

7\ Ghjwtlehs= cdzpfyyst c 'rcgthnbpjq b htubcnhfwbtq pfzdrb= jghtltkz.ncz d gjhzlrt= ecnfyjdktyyjv pfrjyjlfntkmcndjv\

 

Cnfnmz 13\ Gkfnf

1\ Pf 'rcgthnbpe pfzdrb yf cjjndtncndbt ajhvfkmysv nht,jdfybzv= htubcnhfwb. njgjkjubb= dslfxe cdbltntkmcndf= ge,kbrfwb. cdtltybq= ujljdjt cj[hfytybt d cbkt b byst .hblbxtcrb pyfxbvst ltzybz dpbvftncz gkfnf= hfpvth b eckjdbz jgkfns rjnjhjq jghtltkz.ncz d gjhzlrt= ecnfyjdktyyjv pfrjyjlfntkmcndjv\

2\ Ljgecrftncz gthtcvjnh gkfns c extnjv vt;leyfhjlys[ yjhv= bpvtytybq rehcf yfwbjyfkmyjq dfk.ns b byakzwbb\

 

Cnfnmz 14\ Gthtlfxf ghfd

1\ Dkfltktw njgjkjubb vj;tn gthtlfnm bcrk.xbntkmyst ghfdf yf njgjkjub.\

2\ Dkfltktw njgjkjubb dghfdt dslfnm kbwtypb. yf bcgjkmpjdfybt njgjkjubb lheujve kbwe\ Dslfxf b htubcnhfwbz kbwtypbb jceotcndkz.ncz d cjjndtncndbb cj cnfnmzvb 59 b 62 @Gfntynyjuj pfrjyf Uhepbb@\

3\ Dslfxf ghbyelbntkmyjq kbwtypbb yf bcgjkmpjdfybt njgjkjubb ljgecrftncz kbim d ckexft= rjulf tt bcgjkmpjdfybt ghjlbrnjdfyj ytrjvvthxtcrbvb bynthtcfvb ujcelfhcndf bkb j,eckjdktyj celt,ysv bkb flvbybcnhfnbdysv frnjv= yfghfdktyysv yf ghtctxtybt ytlj,hjcjdtcnyjq rjyrehtywbb\

 

Cnfnmz 15\ Cgjh

1\ Dkfltktw njgjkjubb bkb pfbynthtcjdfyyjt kbwj dghfdt j,;fkjdfnm htitybt @Cfrgfntynb@ bkb Fgtkkzwbjyyjq gfkfns d cjjndtncndbb cj cnfnmzvb 68-69 @Gfntynyjuj pfrjyf Uhepbb@\

2\ Dkfltktw njgjkjubb d ckexft cgjhf= cdzpfyyjuj c yfheitybtv bcrk.xbntkmys[ ghfd= dghfdt nht,jdfnm|

f) ghtrhfotybz ltzybq= yfheif.ob[ ghfdf bkb cjplf.ob[ jgfcyjcnm b[ yfheitybz+

,) djpvtotybz ghbxbytyyjuj dhtlf= drk.xfz ytgjkextyyst lj[jls+

d) kbitybz bkb eybxnj;tybz BVC= cjplfyyjq yf jcyjdt njgjkjubb= bcgjkmpjdfyyjq d rjvvthxtcrb[ wtkz[\

 

Cnfnmz 16\ Gjkmpjdfybt ghfdfvb= ghtljcnfdkztvsvb Pfrjyjv

Abpbxtcrbt b .hblbxtcrbt kbwf byjcnhfyys[ ujcelfhcnd gjkmpe.ncz ghtlecvjnhtyysvb yfcnjzobv Pfrjyjv ghfdfvb d cjjndtncndbb c vt;leyfhjlysvb ljujdjhfvb b cjukfitybzvb bkb yf jcyjdt ghbywbgf dpfbvyjcnb\

 

Cnfnmz 17\ Ddjl Pfrjyf d ltqcndbt

Yfcnjzobq Pfrjy ddtcnb d ltqcndbt c 1 ctynz,hz 1999 ujlf\

 

Ghtpbltyn Uhepbb               "lefhl Itdfhlyflpt

N,bkbcb

22 b.yz 1999 ujlf

` 2110-^^c